Science Brushups

Common Name  -  Chemical Name  -  Major Uses

Common salt - Sodium chloride - Used in food preservative.

Caustic soda - Sodium hydroxide - Used in manufacture of soap, paper, rayon, etc.

Washing soda - Sodium carbonate - Used in manufacture of glass, softening of water for washing cloths etc.

Baking soda - Sodium bicarbonate - Used in fire extinguisher, cooking, antacid etc.

Glaubers salt - Sodium sulphate - Used in manufacture of window glass, brown paper, as detergent additive.

Hypo - Sodium thiosulphate (pentahydrate) - Used in photography for fixing or washing.

Pearl ash - Potassium carbonate - Used in soft soap, washing wool etc.

Indian salt peter - Potassium nitrate - Used in gun powder which is a 6:1:1 mixture of potassium, charcoal, and sulphur.

Salammoniac - Ammonium chloride - Used for soldering, in dry cell etc.

Epsum salt - Magnesium sulphate (hepta hydrate) - Used as laxative.

Quick lime - Calcium oxide - Used in cement, glass, mortar, white washing etc.

Milk of lime - Calcium hydroxide - Used in cement, glass, mortar, white washing etc.

Lime stone, marble - Calcium carbonate - Used in cement, glass mortar, white washing spar etc.

Gypsum - Calcium sulphate - Used in cement, production of (dihydrate) plaster of paris etc.

Plaster of paris - Calcium sulphate (semihydrate) - Used in casts, moulds, plastering etc.

Heavy spar - Barium sulphate - Used as a barium meal for contrast dye x-ray photography of the abdomen.

Borax - Sodium tetraborate (decahydrate) - Used as a flux in optical gas, in match, stick to prevent after glow, as a preservative.

Alum (potash alum) - Potassium aluminum sulphate - Used in purification of water to remove dirt.

Dry ice - Solid carbon dioxide - Used to induce artificial rain, cinema locations etc.

Oil of vitriol - Sulphuric acid - King of chemicals, used in most industries.

Bleaching powder - Calcium oxychloride - Used as bleaching agent and disinfectant.

Lunar caustic - Silver nitrate - Used in silver mirror, marking ink for identification of person in elections etc.

Philosophers wool - Zinc oxide - Used in paints, as a filler in rubber etc.

Corrosive sublimate - mercuric chloride - Used in batteries.

Bordeaux mixture - Mixture of copper sulphate and milk of lime - Used as a fungicide. 

Blue vitriol - Copper sulphate (pentahydrate) - Used in bordeaux mixture.

White vitriol - Zinc sulphate (leptahydrate) - Used to produce white paint by mixing with with barium sulphate.

Water glass - Sodium silicate - Used as a filler in soap, fire proofing timber and textiles etc.

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