Indian History (Part 1)

1.     When\r\nMahatma Gandhi was arrested who among the following took over the leadership of\r\nSalt Satyagraha ?

        (1) Vinoba Bhave

        (2) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

        (3) Abbas Tyabji

        (4) Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

2.     In which\r\nsession of Congress the demand of “Poorna Swaraj” was accepted as the aim of\r\nthe Congress ?

        (1) Calcutta        (2)\r\nMadras

        (3) Nagpur          (4)\r\nLahore

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

3.     Who was\r\nthe leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha ?

        (1) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

        (2) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

        (3) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

        (4) Acharya J. B. Kripalani

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

4.     Where is\r\nMuslim mosque situated where a hair of pagamber Mohammad Saheb has been\r\npreserved ?

        (1) Ajmer            (2)\r\nAhmedabad

        (3) Srinagar        (4)\r\nMecca

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

5.     Naokhali\r\nis situated in—

        (1) West Bengal

        (2) Bangladesh

        (3) Tripura

        (4) Bihar

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

6.     Which is\r\nthe correct chronological order of following ‘Acharyas’?

        (1) Shankara-Ramanuja-Madhav-Chaitanya

        (2) Chaitanya-Ramanuja-Madhav-Shankara

        (3) Ramanjua-Shankara-Chaitanya-Madhav

        (4) Madhav-Chaitanya-Ramanuja-Shankara

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

7.     Mahatma\r\nGandhi was first arrested during ‘Satyagrah’ in the year—

        (1) 1906              (2)\r\n1908

        (3) 1913              (4)\r\n1917

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

8.     Who\r\namong the following from the first cabinet of indepenent India was responsible\r\nfor mass religious conversion?

        (1) Dr. S. P. Mukherjee

        (2) Dr. John Mathai

        (3) Sardar Baldev Singh

        (4) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

9.     The\r\ncapital city ‘Daydo’ established by Kublai Khan is situated at—

        (1) Samarqand  (2)\r\nBeijing

        (3) Ulan Battor  (4) AlmaAtta

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

10.   Whcich one\r\nof the following indicates the correct chronological order of era in India?

        (1) Gupta-Harsha-Vikram-Shaka

        (2) Vikram-Shaka-Gupta-Harsha

        (3) Gupta-Shaka-Vikram-Harsha

        (4) Vikram-Harsha-Gupta-Shaka

(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam, year 1997)

1.     (3)\r\nAbbas Tyabji was an Indian freedom fighter from Gujarat, who once served as the\r\nChief Justice of the (Baroda) Gujarat High Court. Mahatma Gandhi appointed\r\nTyabji, at age seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the Salt Satyagraha in\r\nMay 1930 after Gandhi’s arrest. Tyabji was arrested soon afterward and\r\nimprisoned by the British Indian Government. Gandhi and others respectfully\r\ncalled Tyabji the

         “Grand Old Man of Gujarat”

2.     (4) The\r\nPuma Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India was\r\npromulgated by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930, resolving the\r\nCongress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj, or complete\r\nself-rule independent of the British Empire. A very large number of Congress\r\nvolunteers and delegates, members of other political parties and an especially\r\nlarge public gathering attended the session convened in Lahore. At midnight on\r\nNew Year’s Eve, President Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the tri-colour flag of India\r\nupon the banks of the Ravi river in Lahore, which later became part of\r\nPakistan.

3.     (3) The\r\nBardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of\r\nthe British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the\r\nIndian Independence Movement. Its success gave rise to Vallabhbhai Patel as one\r\nof the greatest leaders of the independence struggle. The background to this\r\nmovement was provided in 1925 when the taluka of Bardoli in Gujarat suffered\r\nfrom floods and famine, causing crop production to suffer and leaving farmers\r\nfacing great financial troubles. However, the Government of the Bombay\r\nPresidency had raised the tax rate by 30% that year, and despite petitions from\r\ncivic groups, refused to cancel the rise in the face of the calamities.

4.     (3) The\r\nHazratbal Shrine is a Muslim shrine in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. It\r\ncontains a relic believed by many Muslims of Kashmir to be a hair of the\r\nIslamic prophet Muhammad. The name of the shrine comes from the Arabic word\r\nHazrat, meaning holy or majestic, and the Kashmiri word bal, (bal is a\r\ncorrupted form of Sanskrit Vala which means an enclosure) meaning place

5.     (2)\r\nNoakhali is a district in South-eastern Bangladesh. It is located in the\r\nChittagong Division. This place is remembered for the genocide in form of a\r\nseries of massacres, rapes, abductions and forced conversions of Hindus and\r\nlooting and arson of Hindu properties, perpetrated by the Muslim community in\r\nthe districts of Noakhali and Tipperah in the Chittagong Division of Bengal in\r\nOctober-November 1946, a year before India’s independence from British rule.\r\nGandhi camped in Noakhali for four months and toured the district in a mission\r\nto restore peace and communal harmony.

6.     (1)\r\nShankara (9th century)- Ramanuja (AD 1017-1137) Madhavacharya (AD 1238-1317)-\r\nChaitanya (AD 1486-1533) Adi Shankara was a 9th century reformer of Hinduism\r\nwho is honored as Jagadguru, a title that was used earlier only to Lord\r\nKrishna. Ramanuja (traditionally 1017-1137) was a theologian, philosopher, and\r\nscriptural exegete. He is seen by Hindus in general as the leading expounder of\r\nVishishtadvaita, one of the classi- cal interpretations of the dominant Vedanta\r\nschool of Hindu philosophy. Madhavacharya (1238-1317), also known as Purna\r\nPrajna and Ananda,Tirtha, was the chief proponent ofTattvavada “Philoso-

         phy of Reality”, popularly known as the Dvaita (dualism)\r\nschool of Hindu philosophy. It is one of the three most influential Vedanta\r\nphilosophies. Chaitanya Mahap- rabhu (AD 1486-1533) was a Vaishnava saint and\r\nsocial reformer in eastern India in the 16th century, worshipped by followers\r\nof Gaudiya Vaishnavism as the full incarnation of Lord Krishna.

7.     (2)\r\nGandhi went to South Africa in 1893 but he was shocked to see racism, prejudice\r\nand inequality against Indian citizens in South Africa and he established the\r\nNatal Indian Congress in 1894 and formed an Indian community in South Africa.\r\nIn 1906, the Transvaal government of South Africa promulgated a new Act\r\ncompelling registration of the colony’s Indian population. At a mass protest\r\nmeeting held in Johannesburg on 11 September that year, Gandhi adopted his\r\nstill evolving methodology of Satyagraha (devotion to the truth), or\r\nnon-violent protest, for the first time. In June 1907, he organized Satyagraha\r\nagainst compulsory registration of Asiatics (The Black Act). In 1908, Gandhiji\r\nhad to stand trial for instigating the Satyagraha. He was sentenced to two\r\nmonths in jail (the first time), however after a compromise with General Smuts\r\nhe was released.

8.     (4)\r\nAfter publishing a series of books and articles arguing that Buddhism was the\r\nonly way for the Untouchables to gain equality, Ambedkar publicly converted on\r\nOctober 14, 1956, at Deekshabh- oomi, Nagpur. He took the three refuges and the\r\nFive Precepts from a Buddhist monk, Bhadant U Chandramani, in the traditional\r\nmanner, and in his turn administ- ered them to the 600,000 of his followers who\r\nwere present. After receiving ordination, Ambedkar gave dhamma diksha to his\r\nfollowers. The ceremony included 22 vows given to all new converts after Three\r\nJewels and Five Precepts. On 16 October, 1956, Ambedkar performed another mass\r\nreligious conversion ceremony at Chanda.

9.     (2)\r\nKublai Khan (1215-1294) was the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. After defeating\r\nhis younger brother Alibuge who intended to grab the crown in 1264, Kublai Khan\r\ntook the throne, with “Zhiyuan” as the reign title. Afterwards, he moved the\r\ncapital to Yanjing (the current Beijing) and renamed it “Dadu”. In 1271, Kublai\r\nKhan set “Yuan” as the official name of the nation and then confirmed Dadu as\r\nthe capital in 1272.

10.   (2) Samvat is any of the various Hindu calendars. In India, there\r\nare several calendars in use. The Saka Samvat is associated with 78 A.D; Gupta\r\nSamvat with 320 A.D; and Hijri Samvat with 622 A.D. The first year of Hijri era\r\nwas the Islamic year beginning in AD 622 during which the emigration of\r\nMuhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, occurred. The Gregorian\r\ncalendar, also called the Western calendar and the Christian calendar, is the\r\ninternationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory\r\nXIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February,\r\n1582.

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