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71. In which\r\nof the following systems of land settlement adopted by the English did provide\r\nmore protection to the interests of farmers ?
(1) Permanent Settlement of Bengal
(2) Ryotwari Settlement of Madras
(3) Zamindari Settlement of Central States
(4) Malgujari (land revenue) Setternent of United Stale
(SSC Combined Graduate Level\r\nPrelim Exam. 24.02.2002 (Middle Zone)
72. Which of\r\nthe following languages was in vogue during Mughal period in the courts of\r\nIndia ?
(1) French (2)\r\nPersian
(3) Portugese (4)\r\nArabic
jSSC Combined Graduate Level Prelim Exam. 24.02.2002 (Middle Zone)
73. Which of\r\nthe following pairs contributed significantly to integrate the princely states into\r\nIndian Union ?
(1) Sardar Patel and Jawaharlal Nehru
(2) Sardar Patel and V.P. Menon
(3) Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi
(4) Sardar Patel and K.M. Munsi
(SSC Combined Graduate Level
Prelim Exam. 24.02.2002 (Middle Zone)
74. The writer\r\nof Ram Charit Manas, Tulsidas, was related to which ruler ?
(1) Chandragupta Maurya
(2) Nawab Yajid Ali Sah
(3) Harsha
(4) Akbar
(SSC Combined Graduate Level Prelim Exam. 24.02.2002 (Middle Zone)
75. Who\r\nestablished Mahabali-puram? (l) Pallava (2)\r\nPandya
(3) Chola (4)\r\nChalukya
(SSC Combined Graduate Level Prelim Exam. 24.02.2002 (Middle Zone)
76. When was\r\nfirst telegraph line started in India ?
(1) 1851 (2)\r\n1875
(3) 1884 (4)\r\n1900
(SSC Combined Graduate Level Prelim Exam. 24.02.2002 (Middle Zone)
77. The Home\r\nRule Leagu was started by
(1) Mahatma Gandhi
(2) Bal GangadharTilak
(3) Jawahar Lai Nehru
(4) Rajendra Prasad
(SSC CPO Sub-Inspector Exam. 12.01.2003)
78. When did\r\nthe British Govt, start ruling India directly ?
(1) After the Battle of Plassey
(2) After the Battle of Panipat
(3) After the War of Mysore
(4) After Sepoy Mutiny
(SSC CPO Sub-Inspector Exam. 12.01.2003)
79. The Saka\r\nera commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by
(1) Kanishka
(2) Asoka
(3) Chandragupta
(4) Vikramaditya
(SSC CPO Sub-Inspector Exam. 12.01.2003)
80. Ganhadra\r\nschool of art came into existence in
(1) Hinayanasect
(2) Mahayana sect
(3) Vaishnava sect
(4) Shaivasect
(SSC CPO Sub-Inspector Exam. 12.01.2003)
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71. (2) The Ryotwari system, instituted in some parts of British India,\r\nwas one of the two main systems used to collect revenues from the cultivators\r\nof agricultural land. These revenues included undifferentiated land taxes and\r\nrents, which were collected simultaneously. Under the Ryotwari system,\r\nsettlement of land revenue settlement was directly made between the government\r\nand the ryot, i.e., the cultivators or tenants. Moreover, in the ryotwari\r\nsettlement the revenue was fixed for a period of thirty years, and not on a\r\npermanent basis as was in the case of the Permanent Settlement.
72. (2) Although early Mughals spoke the Chagatai language and\r\nmaintained some Turko-Mongo! practices, they became essentially Persianized and\r\ntransferred the Persian literary and high culture to India, thus forming the\r\nbase for the Indo-Persian culture. Persian language became the lingua franca of\r\nthe court and empire.
73. (2) At the time of Indian independence, India was divided into two\r\nsets of territories, the first being the territories of “British India,” which\r\nwere under the direct control of the India Office in London and the\r\nGovernor-General of India, and the second being the “Princely states,” the\r\nterritories over which the Crown had suzerainty, but which were under the\r\ncontrol of their hereditary rulers. In addition, there were several colonial\r\nenclaves controlled by France and Portugal. The integration of these\r\nterritories into Dominion of India, created by the Indian Independence Act 1947\r\nby the British parliament, was a declared objective of the Indian National\r\nCongress, which the Government of India pursued over the years 1947 to 1949.\r\nThrough a combination of tactics, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and V. P. Menon in\r\nthe months immediately preceding and following the independence convinced the\r\nrulers of almost all of the hundreds of princely states to accede to India.
74. (4) Akbar and Tulsidas were contemporary. It was because of the\r\nclose friendship between the two that Akbar ordered a firman that followers of\r\nRama, Hanuman & other Hindus, should not be harassed in his kingdom. Abdur\r\nRahim Khankhana, famous Muslim poet who was one of the Navaratnas (nine-gems)\r\nin the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar, was a personal friend of Tulsidas.\r\nThe historian Vincent Smith, the author of a biography of Tulsidas”\r\ncontemporary Akbar, called Tulsidas as the greatest man of his age in India and\r\ngreater than even Akbar himself.
75. (1) Mahabalipuram, derived from ‘Mamallapuram’ is the prior and\r\ncolloquial name of a town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil\r\nNadu, now officially called Mamallapuram. Mahabalipuram was a 7th century port\r\ncity of the South Indian dynasty of the Pallavas near the city of Chennai in\r\nTamil Nadu. The name Mamallapuram is believed to have been given after the\r\nPallava king Narasimhavarman I, who took on the epithet Mahamalla (great\r\nwrestler), as the favourite sport of the Pallavas was wrestling. It has various\r\nhistoric monuments built largely between the 7th and the 9th centuries, and has\r\nbeen classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
76. (1) In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was\r\nstarted between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use\r\nof the British East India Company. Subsequently, the construction of 6,400 km\r\nof telegraph lines connecting Kolkata (then Calcutta) and Peshawar in the north\r\nalong with Agra, Mumbai (then Bombay) through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai (then\r\nMadras) in the south, as well as Ootacamund and Bangalore was started in\r\nNovember 1853. William O’Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone\r\nin India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the\r\ndevelopment of telecom throughout this period.
77. (2) The\r\nAll India Home Rule League was a national political organization founded in\r\n1916 to lead the national demand for self-government, termed Home Rule, and to\r\nobtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by\r\nAustralia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time.\r\nBetween 1916 and 1918, when the war was closing, prominent Indians like Joseph\r\nBaptista, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, G. S. Khaparde, Sir S. Subramania Iyer and the\r\nleader of the Theosophical Society, Annie Besant decided to organize a national\r\nalliance of leagues across India, specifically to demand Home Rule, or\r\nself-government within the British Empire for all of India. Tilak founded the\r\nfirst League in the city of Pune, Maharashtra.
78. (1) The\r\nBritish-administered territories in India were expanded in three successive\r\nwaves. The first wave (A.D. 1757-66) brought under [direct] British rule Bengal,\r\nBihar, and the Northern Circars along the north-west shore of the Bay of\r\nBengal; the secpnd (A.D. 1790-1818) brought the Carnatic, the Upper Ganges\r\nBasin, and the Western Deccan; the third (A.D. 1843-9) brought the Indus Basin.\r\nIn the Battle of Plassey, a British army of 2800 British soldiers and sepoys\r\nrouted a Bengali army of 100,000 men. Clive’s victories over the Bengalis and\r\nFrench made the British East Indies Company a major power in India, able to\r\ninstall its own candidate on the Mughal throne and claim the wealthy province\r\nof Bengal for itself. British power, plus the fact that their “honorable\r\nmasters” in England were 7000 miles and nine months travel away, left India\r\nwide open to exploitation by the company and its employees.
79. (1) The date\r\nof Kanishka’s acces- sion is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally\r\naccepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the\r\nShakas and used in addition to the Gregorian calendar by the present-day Indian\r\ngovernment.
\r\n\r\n80. (2)\r\nThe Gandhara school of art is mainly related to Mahayana Buddhism which\r\nencouraged image worship. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged\r\nthe Gandhara artists. The Gandhara sculptures have been found in the ruins of\r\nTaxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They\r\nconsist mostly of the images of the Buddha and relief sculptures presenting\r\nscenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A\r\nfigure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the\r\nBuddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body\r\nalthough it is draped. In these sculptures there is a tendency to mould the\r\nhuman body in a realistic manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical\r\ndetails particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the\r\nrepresentation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic.\r\nThus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been\r\ndiscovered elsewhere in India.
